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RAG fails upstream
Why most RAG failures originate in the data preparation layer, and what to do about it.
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Embeddings for intent classification: architecture trade-offs
Practical guide to building intent classifiers with embeddings. When shallow classifiers beat fine-tuning, how to handle confidence thresholds, and what actually matters in production.
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Similarity metrics for embeddings
Why almost always cosine and what actually works?
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Tokenizers: production economics cheat-sheet
Compact reference for tokenizer selection, metrics, and failure modes in production LLM systems.
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The metric gap: bridging business outcomes and AI component optimization
Why high component scores often mask system failures. A methodology for using E2E evaluation to prioritize engineering work.